Scholarship of Application

"By scholarship of application we mean having professors become what Donald Schön of MIT has called ‘reflective practitioners,’ moving from theory to practice, and from practice back to theory, which in fact makes theory, then, more authentic . . . by making knowledge useful, we mean everything from building better bridges to building better lives, which involves not only the professional schools but the arts and sciences as well." (Boyer, 1996, p. 23).

Boyer, E. L.…

Scholarship of Integration

"There is, we say, an urgent need to place discoveries in a larger context and create more interdisciplinary conversations in what Michal Polanyi of the University of Chicago has called the 'overlapping [academic] neighborhoods,' or in the new hyphenated disciplines, in which the energies of several different disciplines tend enthusiastically to converge." (Boyer, 1996, p. 21).

Boyer, E. L. (1996). The scholarship of engagement. Bulletin of the American Academy of…

"Have been made public in some manner, have been subjected to peer review by members of one's intellectual or professional community, and can be cited, refuted, built upon, and shared among members of that community." (Shulman, 1998, p. 5).

Shulman, L. S. (1998). Course anatomy: The dissection and analysis of knowledge through teaching. In P. Hutchings (Ed.), The course portfolio: How faculty can examine their teaching to advance practice and improve student learning (pp. 5-12). Washington,…

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